User guide
Climbing hills on an electric scooter: gradeability, torque, motor overheating, dual-motor, and common mistakes
What gradeability actually means in escooter specs and why 30 % ≠ 30°. How manufacturers test under bench conditions and why your real numbers with a 90 kg rider are lower. Why torque (Nm) — not power (W) — determines climbing ability. The difference between geared-hub and direct-drive at low RPM, and when dual-motor is worth it. Thermal limits of BLDC motor windings (~115 °C) and MOSFET controllers (~80–100 °C). Voltage sag, the 20 % SOC rule, LVC cutoffs, and why cold weather doubles the penalty. Practical riding — pre-hill momentum, walk-assist mode, when to dismount. Real-world numbers from five platforms (Xiaomi 4 Pro, Segway-Ninebot Max G30, Apollo Phantom V3, Kaabo Wolf Warrior 11, Dualtron Storm) plus 7 common mistakes.