User guide
E-scooter Verification & Validation (V&V) engineering as the 33rd engineering axis: verification-validation meta-axis — IEEE 1012:2016 + ISO/IEC/IEEE 29119 + 12207:2017 + 15288:2015 + IEEE 730 + 1028 + V-Model + W-Model + Boehm 1979 + IV&V + ISO 26262-8 + DO-178C
Engineering deep-dive into V&V (verification & validation) engineering as the 33rd engineering axis and 6th process meta-axis. Describes the systematic methodology for answering Boehm's 1979 two questions — verification ("Are we building the product right?" — does it conform to the requirements and specs) and validation ("Are we building the right product?" — does it satisfy real-world user need) — across all other axes. Covers: IEEE 1012:2016 *Standard for System, Software, and Hardware Verification and Validation* (V&V life-cycle processes for systems + software + hardware; integrity levels 1-4 with risk-graduated rigor; aligned with ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288:2015 + 12207:2017); ISO/IEC/IEEE 29119 family — a five-part testing standard (Part 1:2022 concepts/definitions; Part 2:2021 test processes; Part 3:2021 test documentation, replacing IEEE 829-2008; Part 4:2021 test techniques; Part 5:2024 keyword-driven testing); ISO/IEC/IEEE 12207:2017 software life-cycle V&V; ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288:2015 system life-cycle V&V; IEEE 730:2014 SQA Plan; IEEE 1028:2008 software reviews + audits with 5 types (management, technical, inspection, walk-through, audit) + Fagan inspection IBM 1976 origin; V-Model (Forsberg-Mooz 1991 + Boehm refinement; left-side requirements/design + right-side V&V mirror); W-Model (extension with V&V activities in parallel with development); Boehm 1979 verification-vs-validation seminal distinction; IV&V (Independent V&V) per IEEE 1012 with 3 independencies (technical + managerial + financial); test coverage criteria (statement, branch, decision, MC/DC, path); mutation testing DeMillo-Lipton-Sayward 1978; ISO 26262-8:2018 clause 9 verification of safety requirements + clause 10 software verification; DO-178C software considerations in airborne systems with 5 software levels A-E; traceability matrix RTM requirements → design → code → tests; risk-based testing ISO/IEC/IEEE 29119-2:2021 cross-link to risk-management EV; defect taxonomies; TMMi 5 levels. A 32-row cross-axis matrix maps the V&V concept to each of the 32 prior engineering axes (battery cycling chamber test + brake dyno + motor torque-loop verification + tire UNECE R75 validation + EMC chamber + IP-spray chamber + cybersecurity pen-test + functional-safety HiL); 8-step DIY owner V&V "tells" checklist (test reports availability + certification body + independent test lab marks + manufacturer field-issue track-record + traceability between datasheet specs and actual measurements).