root cause analysis

Articles, guides, and products tagged "root cause analysis" — a combined view of every catalogue resource on this topic.

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Manufacturing Quality Engineering of an E-Scooter as the 31st Engineering Axis: Manufacturing-Process Axis — ISO 9001:2015 + IATF 16949:2016 + AIAG APQP + PPAP + SPC + MSA + AIAG-VDA FMEA + 8D + Lean Manufacturing TPS + Six Sigma DMAIC + Poka-yoke

Engineering deep-dive into manufacturing quality engineering as the 31st engineering axis and the fourteenth cross-cutting infrastructure axis — describes how engineering specifications are systematically translated into production-floor reality: ISO 9001:2015 QMS foundation (10-clause Annex SL + 7 quality principles + risk-based thinking), IATF 16949:2016 automotive QMS layered on ISO 9001 with ~140 additional automotive requirements + customer-specific requirements (CSRs), AIAG Advanced Product Quality Planning (APQP, 2nd ed. 2008) with 5-phase development methodology, Production Part Approval Process (PPAP, 4th ed. 2006) with 18-element submission package + 5 submission levels, Statistical Process Control (SPC, 2nd ed. 2005) with 7 control charts + Western Electric / Nelson rules + 3-sigma control limits, Measurement System Analysis (MSA, 4th ed. 2010) with Gage R&R + NDC + Type-1 Cg/Cgk, AIAG-VDA FMEA Handbook (1st ed. June 2019) with 7-step approach + Action Priority (AP) replacing RPN, 8D (Eight Disciplines) problem-solving (Ford TOPS 1987) with root-cause vs escape-point distinction, Lean Manufacturing + Toyota Production System (Ohno + Toyoda 1948-1975) with Jidoka + JIT + Andon + Kanban + Heijunka + 7+1 wastes (muda), Six Sigma DMAIC + DMADV (Motorola Bill Smith 1986; GE Jack Welch 1995) with 3.4 DPMO at 6σ + 1.5σ shift, Poka-yoke mistake-proofing (Shigeo Shingo 1960s). Process capability indices Cp/Cpk/Pp/Ppk formulas + threshold values (1.33 capable / 1.67 preferred / 2.0 Six Sigma). 30-row cross-axis matrix maps the manufacturing-quality concept onto each of the 30 prior engineering axes (battery cell capacity Cpk + brake-pad μ batch variation SPC + motor stator winding torque control plan + tire compound durometer Gage R&R + ...); 8-step DIY owner manufacturing-quality 'tells' checklist (batch serial cross-check, weld bead consistency, fastener torque marks, label-to-spec match, paint defect AOI proxy).

15 min read

User guide

E-scooter risk management engineering as the 32nd engineering axis: risk-anticipation meta-axis — ISO 31000:2018 + ISO/IEC 31010:2019 + ISO Guide 73:2009 + Bowtie + ALARP + SFAIRP + LOPA + HAZOP IEC 61882 + FTA IEC 61025 + ETA IEC 62502 + FMEA IEC 60812 + ISO 14971:2019 + ERM COSO 2017 + Kaplan & Garrick 1981 triplet

Engineering deep-dive into risk-management engineering as the 32nd engineering axis and the 15th cross-cutting infrastructure axis — describes the systematic methodology for identification + analysis + evaluation + treatment + monitoring of risks layered over all the other axes: ISO 31000:2018 *Risk management — Guidelines* (8 principles + framework with 6 components + risk-management process with 7 stages), ISO Guide 73:2009 *Risk management — Vocabulary* (61 terms with risk / hazard / consequence / likelihood definitions), ISO/IEC 31010:2019 *Risk assessment techniques* with 41 assessment techniques, Kaplan & Garrick 1981 triplet definition «What scenario? How likely? What consequences?», ALARP (As Low As Reasonably Practicable) + SFAIRP (So Far As Is Reasonably Practicable) UK HSE principles + reverse burden of proof, risk appetite vs risk tolerance ISO 31000 vocabulary distinction, IEC 31010 risk matrix + heat map + risk register tools, HAZOP IEC 61882:2016 deviation/guide-word inductive process-hazard methodology, FMEA IEC 60812:2018 inductive component-level failure-mode analysis, FTA IEC 61025:2006 deductive top-down boolean-logic event-tree, ETA IEC 62502:2010 inductive consequence-tree with branching on mitigation success/failure, Bowtie methodology (CGE Risk Management Solutions formalized 1990s) — combines threats + barriers (preventive + recovery) + consequences around a central top event, LOPA (Layer of Protection Analysis) CCPS 2001 semi-quantitative methodology with IPL (Independent Protection Layer) credit, ISO 14971:2019 *Application of risk management to medical devices* (cross-industry inspiration), ERM (Enterprise Risk Management) COSO 2017 framework with 5 components + 20 principles, 3 Lines of Defense model IIA Position Paper 2013 (updated 2020), risk-based thinking ISO 9001:2015 clause 6.1 + IATF 16949 cross-link, ISO 26262 HARA + ISO 21434 TARA cybersecurity cross-link, ISO 31000:2009 → 2018 simplification (from 11 principles to 8). 31-row cross-axis matrix maps the risk-management concept to each of the 31 prior engineering axes (battery thermal runaway = LOPA with multiple IPLs; brake failure = FTA top event; tire blowout = Bowtie threats+barriers+consequences; ...); 8-step DIY owner risk-management 'tells' checklist (recall registry tracking + safety-related characteristic markings + manufacturer field-issue subscription + warranty RCA depth + accident statistics transparency).

15 min read