User guide
Software and firmware engineering for embedded ECUs of an electric scooter as the 29th engineering axis: UN R156 SUMS + ISO/SAE 21434 + Automotive SPICE 4.0 + MISRA C:2023 + ISO 26262-6:2018 + AUTOSAR Classic R23-11 + ISO/IEC/IEEE 12207:2017 + ISO/IEC/IEEE 29148:2018 + ISO/IEC 25010:2023 + CISA SBOM Minimum Elements + CWE/CVE + CVSS v4.0
Engineering deep-dive into software & firmware engineering as the 29th engineering axis and the twelfth cross-cutting infrastructure axis — describes how firmware of e-scooter embedded ECUs (motor controller + BMS + dashboard + IoT gateway + charger MCU) is developed under MISRA C:2023, validated through the Automotive SPICE 4.0 V-model + SWE.1–SWE.6 + SYS.1–SYS.5 + HWE.1–HWE.4 + MLE.1–MLE.4, OTA-updated under UN R156 SUMS (L-category mandate: Dec 2027 new types / June 2029 existing types), traced through the ISO/IEC/IEEE 12207:2017 software lifecycle's 30 processes in 4 groups (Agreement + Organizational Project-Enabling + Technical Management + Technical), documented via SBOM per CISA Minimum Elements 2025 (Supplier + Component + Version + Unique-IDs + Dependencies + Author + Timestamp + Hash + License + Tool + Generation-Context) in SPDX 2.3 and CycloneDX 1.6 formats, versioned through the ISO/IEC 25010:2023 product quality model's 8 characteristics, qualified at the toolchain level per ISO 26262-8 Clause 11 (TCL1/TCL2/TCL3 + TD1/TD2/TD3), and monitored through CWE Top 25 + CVSS v4.0 (Base + Threat + Environmental + Supplemental). 18 numbered sections.