Wireshark BLE

Articles, guides, and products tagged "Wireshark BLE" — a combined view of every catalogue resource on this topic.

User guide

E-scooter cybersecurity engineering: ETSI EN 303 645 V3.2.0:2024-12 baseline (13 provisions for consumer IoT — no default password, vulnerability disclosure RFC 9116, secure update, secure storage, secure communication), ISO/SAE 21434:2021 road-vehicle cybersecurity engineering (TARA threat analysis + risk assessment), ISO/SAE 24089:2023 software update engineering, UNECE R155 CSMS (Cybersecurity Management System) mandatory for new vehicle type-approvals from 07-2022, UNECE R156 SUMS (Software Update Management System), EU Cyber Resilience Act 2024/2847 (Regulation 2024-10-23, applicability 2027-12-11 + reporting obligations 2026-09-11), NIST SP 800-193:2018 Platform Firmware Resilience Guidelines (Protection-Detection-Recovery RoT), NIST SP 800-183 IoT Networks of Things, IEC 62443-4-1/-4-2 secure product development lifecycle, Bluetooth Core 5.4 LE Secure Connections with ECDH P-256 (replacing Just Works as baseline), IEEE 802.11i WPA3-Personal SAE Dragonfly key exchange, RFC 9116 security.txt responsible-disclosure, attack surface (BLE pairing Just Works/Numeric Comparison/Passkey Entry/OOB, Bluetooth protocol attacks KNOB CVE-2019-9506 + BIAS CVE-2020-10135 + BLURtooth CVE-2020-15802 + BLESA CVE-2020-9770, firmware via JTAG/SWD/USB DFU, motor controller CAN bus, mobile app↔cloud TLS, OTA update channel signing, GPS spoofing, smart-battery BMS handshake, hardware UART debug eFuse), mitigation (LE Secure Connections ECDH P-256 + mutual TLS certificate pinning + secure boot signed bootloader + signed firmware AES-256 + anti-rollback monotonic counter + HSM/secure element ATECC608B/NXP A1006/SE050 + SBOM SPDX CycloneDX + RFC 9116 security.txt + Coordinated Vulnerability Disclosure ISO/IEC 29147:2018 + penetration testing ISTQB), incidents (Xiaomi M365 BLE anti-lock bypass 2019 Zimperium Rani Idan, Lime BLE replay attack 2019, Bird/Lime API IDOR 2020, Ninebot ES1/ES2/ES4 BLE pwd 888888 vulnerability, Tier/Voi unauthorized unlock 2022, hoverboard CVE catalogue 2018)

Engineering deep-dive into e-scooter cybersecurity as the fourth cross-cutting infrastructure axis — parallel to [fastener engineering as joining-axis](@/guide/fastener-and-bolted-joint-engineering.md), [thermal management as heat-dissipation axis](@/guide/thermal-management-engineering.md), and [EMC/EMI as interference-mitigation axis](@/guide/emc-emi-engineering.md). Covers: 10-row standards matrix (ETSI EN 303 645 V3.2.0:2024-12 consumer IoT baseline, ISO/SAE 21434:2021 road-vehicle TARA, ISO/SAE 24089:2023 SW update engineering, UNECE R155 CSMS, UNECE R156 SUMS, EU CRA 2024/2847, NIST SP 800-193 firmware RoT, IEC 62443-4-1 secure SDLC, Bluetooth Core 5.4 LE Secure Connections, IEEE 802.11i WPA3-SAE); 7-row attack-surface matrix (BLE pairing methods + KNOB/BIAS/BLURtooth/BLESA + firmware JTAG/SWD/DFU + mobile↔cloud TLS + OTA signing + GPS spoofing + smart-battery handshake); 6-row mitigation matrix (LE Secure Connections + mutual TLS + secure boot + signed firmware + anti-rollback + HSM/SE); 6-row real-incident matrix (Xiaomi M365 2019 + Lime BLE 2019 + Bird IDOR 2020 + Ninebot pwd 888888 + Tier/Voi 2022 + hoverboard catalogue); 8-step DIY security check; 6-step DIY remediation; EU Cyber Resilience Act timeline (2024-12-10 entry into force, 2026-09-11 reporting obligations, 2027-12-11 full applicability); 16 numbered sections.

17 min read

User guide

E-scooter EMC/EMI engineering: EN 17128:2020 § 11 EMC requirements, CISPR 14-1:2020 emission + CISPR 14-2:2020 immunity for household appliances and battery chargers, IEC 61000-3-2:2018 harmonic current limits (Class A/B/C/D, equipment ≤16 A per phase), IEC 61000-3-3:2013 voltage fluctuation and flicker, IEC 61000-4-2:2008 ESD ±8 kV contact / ±15 kV air (Level 4), IEC 61000-4-3:2020 radiated immunity 3-10 V/m 80 MHz-6 GHz, IEC 61000-4-4:2012 EFT/burst ±2 kV power / ±1 kV signal, IEC 61000-4-5:2014 surge 1.2/50 μs voltage + 8/20 μs current combination wave, IEC 61000-4-6:2013 conducted RF immunity 3 V_rms 150 kHz-80 MHz, FCC Part 15 Subpart B Class B 100 μV/m @ 30-88 MHz / 150 μV/m @ 88-216 MHz quasi-peak (unintentional radiator), ETSI EN 301 489-17 V3.3.1:2024 BLE/Wi-Fi 2.4 GHz + 5 GHz + 6 GHz WLAN, motor controller PWM 8-20 kHz fundamental + 100s-MHz radiated harmonics from dV/dt 5-15 kV/μs MOSFET switching edges, common-mode current on phase wires acting as loop antenna, SMPS charger fly-back 50-200 kHz switching, Würth 742 711 21S / Fair-Rite Mix 31/43/44/77 ferrite-bead selection per frequency band, RC snubber 10 Ω + 1 nF per half-bridge, common-mode choke 3×2 mH soft-ferrite ring + 3×33 nF Y-cap, X2 (0.1-1 μF mains-to-mains) + Y1/Y2 (1-10 nF rail-to-chassis) safety-capacitor topology, ground-plane PCB return-path control, λ/20 aperture rule for shielded enclosure (≥20 dB attenuation), conductive EMI gasket (Chomerics ARclad / Würth WE-LT), AM-radio sniff DIY test 540-1620 kHz @ 9 m, smartphone BLE/Wi-Fi throughput diagnostic, RED 2014/53/EU mandatory presumption-of-conformity for Bluetooth/Wi-Fi radio modules, EMC Directive 2014/30/EU mandatory presumption-of-conformity for PLEV without radio

Engineering deep-dive into electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) and radio-frequency interference (EMI) on an e-scooter as the third cross-cutting infrastructure axis — parallel to [bolted-joint engineering as joining axis](@/guide/fastener-and-bolted-joint-engineering.md) and [thermal management as heat-dissipation axis](@/guide/thermal-management-engineering.md). Covers: 8-row standards matrix (EN 17128:2020 PLEV umbrella, CISPR 14-1:2020 emission, CISPR 14-2:2020 immunity, IEC 61000-3-2:2018 harmonics, IEC 61000-3-3:2013 flicker, IEC 61000-4-2:2008 ESD, IEC 61000-4-5:2014 surge, ETSI EN 301 489-17 V3.3.1:2024 BLE/Wi-Fi); 5-row interference-source matrix (motor controller PWM / SMPS charger / BLE radio / digital display+throttle / power-cable CM antenna); 6-row mitigation matrix (common-mode choke / RC snubber / clip-on ferrite bead / X+Y safety capacitor / PCB ground-plane + return-path / shielded enclosure + EMI gasket); 6-row test-method matrix (ESD ±8 kV contact / EFT ±2 kV / surge ±2 kV CM / radiated immunity 3-10 V/m / conducted immunity 3 V / harmonic ≤16 A); 6-row failure-diagnostic matrix (BLE drop / throttle creep / charger ground-fault / headlight flicker / AM-radio buzz / brake-light glitch); 8-step DIY EMI check (AM-radio sniff 540-1620 kHz @ 9 m, BLE/Wi-Fi throughput, ESD walk-test, visual ferrite/ground-strap inspection, chassis-to-DC- voltage measurement, surge-protected vs unprotected outlet comparison); 6-step DIY remediation (clip-on Würth/Fair-Rite ferrite, ground-strap tightening, shield-braid repair, antenna re-routing, IEC-marked charger replacement); RED 2014/53/EU + EMC Directive 2014/30/EU CE-marking presumption-of-conformity context; 15 numbered sections.

16 min read