Гайд користувача
Інженерія термоменеджменту електросамоката: IEC 62133-2:2017 § 7.3 thermal abuse, UL 2272:2024 § 21 abnormal charging + thermal abuse, ISO 12405-4:2018 PEV battery thermal characterization, JEDEC JESD51-1/-2A/-7 R_θJC measurement, IPC-2221A § 6.2 PCB conductor temperature rise, IEC 60068-2-14:2009 thermal cycle Test Na/Nb, IEC 60068-2-30:2005 humidity Db cyclic, ISO 16750-4:2010 thermal/mechanical environmental conditions, MOSFET junction-temperature limit T_J_max 150-175 °C з R_θJC 0,3-2 °C/W (Infineon IPP/IPB serie, Onsemi NTMFS, ST STH240N10F7-6), Arrhenius doubling rule: kожні +10 °C удвічі прискорюють деградацію NMC/LFP, BMS thermal fold-back при T_cell > 45-50 °C (charge cut-off / discharge derate), hub-motor stator copper I²R loss = I² × R_Cu(T) з temperature coefficient α_Cu = 3,93×10⁻³/°C + iron eddy loss P_eddy ∝ B² × f² × t² (Steinmetz), thermal time constant τ_th = R_th × C_th (continuous-vs-peak power derating motor 5-30 s peak / continuous 30-300 s steady-state), TIM (thermal interface materials): Bergquist Gap Pad k=1,5-6 W/(m·K), Arctic MX-6 grease k=8,5 W/(m·K), PCM Honeywell PTM7950 k=8,5 W/(m·K), cooling topologies (natural convection h_nat 5-25 W/(m²·K) / forced air h_forced 25-250 W/(m²·K) / liquid cold-plate h_liquid 500-20000 W/(m²·K)), thermal runaway propagation у 18650/21700 cells (T_onset 130-150 °C NMC, 180-200 °C LFP — LFP significantly safer per CPSC + UL data), CPSC рекули (hoverboards 2016 501 000 unit за thermal runaway, Lime Gen 2 2018 пакети 19,2-Wh thermal events, Bird Two 2018 charging thermal incidents)
Інженерний deep-dive у термоменеджмент електросамоката як cross-cutting infrastructure axis — паралельна до [інженерії різьбових з'єднань як joining-axis](@/guide/fastener-and-bolted-joint-engineering.md), [bearing-engineering як rotation-axis](@/guide/bearing-engineering-iso-281-l10-life.md) і [IP-engineering як sealing-axis](@/guide/ingress-protection-engineering-iec-60529.md). Покриває: 8-row standards matrix (IEC 62133-2:2017, UL 2272:2024, ISO 12405-4:2018, JEDEC JESD51-1/-2A/-7, IPC-2221A, IEC 60068-2-14, IEC 60068-2-30, ISO 16750-4); 6-row component temperature-limit matrix (lithium-ion cell, MOSFET T_J_max, NTC thermistor, electrolytic cap ESR/lifetime, hall sensor, BLDC stator winding insulation Class B/F/H 130/155/180 °C); 5-row heat-source matrix (motor I²R + iron loss / controller switching + conduction / battery I²R + polarization / charger SMPS / brake regen); MOSFET R_θJC junction-temperature methodology + derating; battery thermal management (BMS fold-back, Arrhenius +10 °C aging doubling, NMC vs LFP runaway onset 130-150 vs 180-200 °C); hub-motor stator copper loss formula P_Cu = I² × R_Cu × [1 + α_Cu × (T-25)] + Steinmetz iron-loss P_iron = k × B^β × f^α; thermal time constants τ_th + continuous-vs-peak derating curve; TIM selection (Bergquist Gap Pad / Arctic MX-6 / Honeywell PTM7950 PCM); 3 cooling topologies (natural convection 5-25 W/(m²·K) / forced air 25-250 / liquid cold-plate 500-20 000); Arrhenius doubling rule + IEC 60068-2-14 Test Na/Nb thermal cycle; 6-row failure-diagnostic matrix (cell venting + smoke / MOSFET solder reflow / NTC drift / electrolytic-cap bulge / hall-sensor drift / winding insulation breakdown); 8-step DIY thermal check; 6-step DIY remediation; 3 CPSC case studies (hoverboards CPSC-16-184 501 000 unit 2016, Lime Gen 2 thermal events 2018, Bird Two charging thermal 2018); 17 нумерованих розділів.