User guide
Electrical protection in e-scooters: fuses, varistors, ESD
How an e-scooter's electrical protection works: fuses, polyfuses, contactors, TVS diodes and varistors, plus ESD and surge protection, the physics and faults.
controller
Articles, guides, and products tagged "controller" — a combined view of every catalogue resource on this topic.
User guide
Anti-lock braking (ABS) engineering for e-scooters
How an anti-lock braking system works on an e-scooter: the physics of wheel slip, the modulator cycle, wheel-speed sensors, the ECU control loop and standards.
User guide
E-scooter cybersecurity engineering
The connected scooter's attack surfaces — BLE display, app, firmware, controller — the threats, the EU Cyber Resilience Act, and how to harden your ride.
User guide
E-scooter EMC/EMI engineering
The scooter as an RF noise source: PWM controller harmonics, shielding and grounding, the EN 17128 and EN 55014 standards, and why EMI matters for reliability.
User guide
How e-scooter firmware is developed, tested and updated over the air
How an e-scooter's firmware is developed, tested and updated: development standards, over-the-air updates and vulnerability tracking across the lifecycle.
User guide
Electric scooter thermal management engineering
How an e-scooter sheds heat: battery, motor and controller heating, thermal runaway, cooling methods and the temperature limits of each component.
User guide
Smooth acceleration and throttle control on an e-scooter
How to launch and accelerate an e-scooter smoothly: weight transfer, jerk, soft-start, slippery surfaces, wheelie risk, and throttle troubleshooting.
User guide
Climbing hills on an electric scooter: gradeability, torque and heat
What gradeability means in scooter specs, why 30 % and 30° differ, how rider weight and cold lower the real figure, and why torque beats power on a climb.
User guide
E-scooter motor and controller: BLDC physics, FOC, power electronics
An engineering look at the e-scooter powertrain: BLDC electromagnetics, KV constant, losses and efficiency, thermal limits, FOC, MOSFET inverter and standards.
User guide
Regenerative braking on e-scooters: how it works and how to tune it
How an electric scooter's regenerative brake works, why the real range gain is only 2–5 %, why it weakens at full charge and in cold, and how to tune it.
Electric scooter components
E-scooter Electronics: Controller, BMS, Display, IoT
How a scooter's invisible electronics work: the motor controller, the BMS, telemetry in shared scooters and the display module — and why these parts use UART.