User guide
E-scooter glossary: from Wh and BMS to IP ratings
A compact dictionary of ~40 terms from e-scooter spec sheets and reviews: electrics, motor, brakes, tires, electronics, safety standards and riding.
motor
Articles, guides, and products tagged "motor" — a combined view of every catalogue resource on this topic.
Blog
Watts, torque and hills: how to read e-scooter power
The wattage on the box won't tell you whether a scooter will climb your hill. Here's what torque, nominal vs peak power and gradeability really mean for riding.
User guide
Electric unicycles (EUC): what they are and how to choose
A neutral guide to electric unicycles: how self-balancing works, their history, anatomy, classes, the cutout risk, safety gear, and EUC-vs-scooter trade-offs.
User guide
Electrical protection in e-scooters: fuses, varistors, ESD
How an e-scooter's electrical protection works: fuses, polyfuses, contactors, TVS diodes and varistors, plus ESD and surge protection, the physics and faults.
User guide
Real-world e-scooter range: a physics-based energy-budget model
A physics model that estimates real-world range from speed, load, temperature, wind, terrain and tyre pressure, and explains why nameplate range is overstated.
User guide
E-scooter EMC/EMI engineering
The scooter as an RF noise source: PWM controller harmonics, shielding and grounding, the EN 17128 and EN 55014 standards, and why EMI matters for reliability.
User guide
E-scooter functional safety: SIL, ASIL and failure-risk control
How engineers quantify and reduce the risk of dangerous e-scooter failures: HARA, SIL/ASIL/PL levels, FMEA, FTA, FMEDA and the safety case.
User guide
E-scooter NVH engineering
Noise, vibration and harshness on a scooter: why it is both too quiet for pedestrians and rattly, where bar and deck vibration come from, and how to tame it.
User guide
Electric scooter thermal management engineering
How an e-scooter sheds heat: battery, motor and controller heating, thermal runaway, cooling methods and the temperature limits of each component.
User guide
Smooth acceleration and throttle control on an e-scooter
How to launch and accelerate an e-scooter smoothly: weight transfer, jerk, soft-start, slippery surfaces, wheelie risk, and throttle troubleshooting.
User guide
Climbing hills on an electric scooter: gradeability, torque and heat
What gradeability means in scooter specs, why 30 % and 30° differ, how rider weight and cold lower the real figure, and why torque beats power on a climb.
User guide
Descending hills on an electric scooter: brakes and heat
Why a descent is riskier than a climb: where potential energy goes, three brake-fade mechanisms and the snub-and-release technique instead of constant drag.
User guide
E-scooter motor and controller: BLDC physics, FOC, power electronics
An engineering look at the e-scooter powertrain: BLDC electromagnetics, KV constant, losses and efficiency, thermal limits, FOC, MOSFET inverter and standards.
User guide
Used electric scooter: pre-purchase inspection checklist
A pre-purchase inspection checklist for a used electric scooter: serial and recall checks, battery health, frame, motor, brakes, tyres and a test ride.
Electric scooter components
Electric scooter motors: geared hub vs direct-drive hub
The three e-scooter drivetrains: chain drive (Razor E100), a geared hub, and a direct-drive hub with regen, plus how to read the motor spec line.