Electric scooter components
E-scooter Electronics: Controller, BMS, Display, IoT
How the electronic part of an electric scooter works — everything that is invisible from the outside: motor controller (ESC) — six-step vs sine-wave/FOC, sensored vs sensorless, MOSFET; BMS (Battery Management System) — balancing, protection against thermal runaway, charging at sub-zero temperatures; UL 2271 / UL 2272 and New York's Local Law 39; IoT and telemetry in shared scooters (Lime Gen4, Bird Three, Spin S-200) vs Bluetooth-only in consumer models (Apollo, NAMI, Segway-Ninebot); display as a separate EY3/EY4 module over UART; why scooters still use UART rather than CAN.